El republicanismo socialista en una utopía norteamericana

Fernando Lizárraga

Resumen


Resumen El socialismo y el igualitarismo en Estados Unidos tuvieron, entre sus principales fuentes de inspiración, la obra del novelista Edward Bellamy. Su proyecto utópico, expresado en las obras Looking Backward (1888) e Equality (1897), puede ser leído como resultado de las primeras experiencias de comunidades intencionales –místicas, fourieristas y, especialmente, owenistas– en combinación con elementos propios del republicanismo y de la tradición democrática norteamericanas. Los más recientes desarrollos teóricos del republicanismo socialista permiten resignificar las anticipaciones de Bellamy, particularmente en un texto de agitación y propaganda conocido como la “Parábola del Tanque de Agua”. Este escrito presenta al capitalismo como un sistema de dominación impersonal, objetiva y política, al tiempo que promueve la autoemancipación de la clase trabajadora y vislumbra una sociedad –fundada en cooperativas y en una democracia radical– que puede calificarse como una república social al estilo de la Comuna de París. Abstract Socialism and egalitarianism in the United States drew, among their principal sources of inspiration, on the work of the novelist Edward Bellamy. His utopian project, articulated in Looking Backward (1888) and Equality (1897), can be read as the outcome of prior experiences of intentional communities –mystical, Fourierist, and especially Owenite– combined with elements taken from republicanism and the North American democratic tradition. Recent theoretical developments in socialist republicanism make it possible to recast Bellamy’s anticipations, particularly in a text of agitation and propaganda known as “The Parable of the Water Tank.” This piece presents capitalism as a system of impersonal, objective, and political domination, while at the same time positing the self-emancipation of the working class and pointing toward a society –founded on cooperatives and radical democracy– which may be described as a social republic following the model set by the Paris Commune.

Palabras clave


Palabras clave: socialismo, republicanismo, Edward Bellamy, utopía / Keywords: socialism, republicanism, Edward Bellamy, utopia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.62174/aei.11173

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